Billings is Montana's largest and most conventional rental market, and it is where the mechanics of the state's deposit rules get exercised at volume. One of those mechanics involves a party outside the tenancy entirely.

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Montana rules that apply here
Montana's 10-day clean return depends partly on the tenant being able to demonstrate that no utilities are unpaid. That inserts a third party into the move-out process, because the evidence sits with the utility provider rather than with either the landlord or the manager. A portfolio that has not built a way to confirm it is simply unable to use the shorter path, and defaults to 30 days on every unit whether or not deductions exist.
Unpaid utilities are also a legitimate charge in their own right, and they are the charge most often estimated rather than evidenced. An itemisation carrying an approximate utility figure is weaker than one carrying the final bill, and Montana's standard for itemisation is descriptive rather than categorical, so an estimate labelled as a utility charge invites exactly the dispute it should foreclose.
Handled properly this is a sequencing problem more than an accounting one. Final readings and closing bills have their own timeline, and it does not automatically align with either the 10-day or the 30-day deposit clock. Knowing which deadline applies to a given move-out, and when the supporting evidence will exist, is what keeps the file complete.
Montana runs TWO deadlines. Where inspection finds no damage, no cleaning required and no unpaid rent, and the tenant can demonstrate no unpaid utilities, the deposit must be returned within 10 DAYS. Where deductions are made, the landlord has 30 days to provide a written list of rent due and damage and cleaning charges, delivered with payment of any difference. Operators who run everything on the 30-day assumption are late on every clean move-out.
Montana's itemisation standard is descriptive rather than categorical. A line reading cleaning with an amount is not an itemisation; the charge must describe the work performed and its cost. That makes the inspection record and the supporting invoice part of the compliance file rather than internal documentation, and it makes the decision to charge at all a deliberate one, since any deduction moves the tenancy off the 10-day path.
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Because Montana's 10-day clean return depends partly on the tenant demonstrating no unpaid utilities. If you have no way to confirm that, you cannot use the shorter path and default to 30 days on every unit.
You can charge unpaid utilities, but an estimate is weak. Montana expects descriptive itemisation, so a final bill supports the charge in a way an approximation does not.
By tracking which deadline applies to each move-out and when the closing bills will actually exist, because utility timelines do not align themselves to either the 10-day or 30-day clock.
Other Montana markets, the platforms we work in, and the functions available on their own.
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