Coastal Virginia portfolios deal with damage that exceeds a deposit more often than inland ones, and Virginia has a specific procedural mechanism for exactly that situation which most operators never use.

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Virginia rules that apply here
Under 55.1-1226, where damages exceed the security deposit and repair requires the services of a third-party contractor, a landlord who gives the tenant written notice within the 45-day period gets an additional 15 days to provide the itemisation of damages and the cost of repair. That is a real and useful extension, and it is conditional: the notice inside the original window is what buys it. Miss the notice and the extension does not exist, regardless of how legitimate the contractor delay was.
Operationally that turns the 45-day clock into two decisions rather than one. At move-out the question is not only what the damage is, but whether it will exceed the deposit and need a contractor, because that determines whether the protective notice has to go out. A process that only assesses damage once the contractor's invoice arrives has already lost the option.
Storm events compound it by clustering. A single weather event produces many simultaneous claims against a contractor base that is suddenly oversubscribed, so repair timelines stretch exactly when the volume of affected move-outs is highest. That is the scenario the extension exists for, and it is the scenario in which a manager is least likely to have sent the notices.
Virginia Code 55.1-1226 requires the deposit and any deductions to be itemised in a written notice with any amount due within 45 days of the termination date or the date the tenant vacates. Uniquely, where damages EXCEED the deposit and repair requires a third-party contractor, written notice to the tenant inside that 45-day window buys an ADDITIONAL 15 days to provide the itemisation.
Virginia's interest obligation is tied to portfolio SIZE rather than applying universally: it attaches where the landlord owns more than ten dwelling units, or manages for someone who does, and the deposit has been held beyond thirteen months. An investor crossing ten units mid-year acquires an obligation nothing about the eleventh unit announces, which is why unit count belongs in the accounting record as a dated attribute.
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Yes, but conditionally. If damages exceed the deposit and need a third-party contractor, written notice to the tenant within the original 45 days buys an additional 15 days to itemise. Without that notice the extension is not available.
At move-out, not when the invoice arrives. You have to judge whether damage will exceed the deposit and need a contractor early enough to send the protective notice inside the 45 days.
That is exactly what the extension is for, and it is when it is most often missed, because many affected move-outs land at once. We flag likely contractor cases at move-out so the notices go out on time.
Other Virginia markets, the platforms we work in, and the functions available on their own.
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